Mexican Spanish to Kashmiri: de can hide several different relationships
A name and a role can identify the same owner differently
El libro de Mohan and El libro del maestro can refer to the same object and the same person. Spanish introduces both owners with de, combining it with the article in del. Kashmiri does not simply select one invariant equivalent for this relationship. The kind of expression identifying the owner affects its possessive formation.
Omkar N. Koul and Kashi Wali describe distinct possessive suffix classes for human proper names, masculine singular inanimate nouns, and other possessors. Their example mohn-un bo:y means Mohan’s brother. This is evidence for a proper-name construction, not a model that can be copied unchanged after every occupational title or ordinary noun.
The owner and the owned thing contribute different information
Consider el hermano de Mohan and la hermana de Mohan. The named possessor stays the same, while the relationship identifies a different sibling. Spanish hermano and hermana mark that difference directly. The Kashmiri grammar shows that possessive forms also vary with the gender and number of the following head noun. Keeping the name unchanged does not make the whole possessive phrase invariant.
Likewise, los libros del maestro introduces several books without introducing several teachers. Los libros de los maestros changes the number of owners too. A rendering that treats every Spanish plural ending as information about the same participant can confuse a shared collection with one teacher’s collection. Identify which noun each plural belongs to before interpreting the relationship.
The grammar’s classifications include exceptions: some proper names ending in noncentral vowels use a different suffix from the main proper-name pattern. A translator should therefore not manufacture a Kashmiri form for an unfamiliar Mexican surname by attaching the suffix seen after Mohan. An attested pattern is useful evidence, but the actual name still requires an appropriate formation.
Material is not ownership
Una taza de plata identifies what a cup is made of; una taza de Mohan identifies an owner. Replacing de with an ownership construction in both would turn silver into a possessor. Kashmiri also has a material use of one possessive suffix with certain inanimate nouns, as the grammar demonstrates, but that does not erase the semantic difference.
The same distinction can arise within a purchase description: el anillo de plata de mi hermana contains a material relationship followed by ownership. The target must keep both links. Saying that the sister is silver, or that silver owns the ring, would result from attaching a modifier to the wrong part of the phrase.
When a description changes from el dueño de la tienda to la ventana de la tienda, Spanish keeps the same linking words although the related object changes from a person to a window. Kashmiri agreement may respond to that change. The store remains the reference point in both, so changing the head noun should not silently change whose property or which building the message concerns.
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