Persian to Tamil: a companion is different from a recipient or a means of travel
Bā and be identify different relationships with a person
Persian Online contrasts a father coming with somebody, using bā, with a father telling somebody something, using be in an attached-pronoun construction. Both phrases concern a person, but they do not assign the same role. One identifies a companion in movement; the other identifies the person addressed.
A Tamil translation should preserve that distinction even when a short source pronoun refers to the same individual in both events. Coming with the father does not mean receiving a message from him. Being told something does not establish that the listener accompanied the speaker on a journey.
The Persian lesson also documents colloquial bāhāš or bāhaš for with him or her. It identifies this as a Tehrani feature spreading beyond that setting. The attached appearance does not make the phrase equivalent in meaning to behaš: the source relationship still needs to be identified before a target construction is chosen.
Tamil accompaniment differs from an instrumental relationship
Schiffman’s spoken Tamil grammar explains an associative construction for social accompaniment, illustrating sneydaroode for being with a friend. It distinguishes that relationship from using an implement to perform an action. The target construction should therefore express the companion as another participant rather than as a tool or means.
The grammar also documents variation: oode with an inanimate noun can express instrumentality in some dialects, and transport expressions often use a locative form. Its basle and reyille mean travelling by bus and by train. These are attested fragments in the grammar’s spoken transcription, not literary Tamil equivalents reconstructed from the scan.
Consequently, one target ending cannot be assigned a single English with gloss and then reused for every Persian phrase. A person accompanying the traveller, a vehicle used for the trip and somebody receiving information have different relationships to the event. Similar-looking short expressions do not erase those differences.
A source destination is another independent part of the journey
The Persian complex-sentence lesson combines bā xāharam with be sinamā in a sentence about going to the cinema with the speaker’s sister. The sister is the companion and the cinema is the destination. A Tamil rendering must retain both relationships; it should not make the sister a place or the cinema another accompanying participant.
Adding a transport detail would introduce a third relationship: how the journey was made. A translation should not interpret a target by-train expression as another companion, nor attach the source sister to the means-of-travel construction simply because she occurs near the movement verb. The event can contain all three relationships without merging them.
For Persian into Tamil, identify each phrase’s function before matching forms. Who accompanied the traveller, where they went and how they travelled are separate questions. The documented spoken Tamil distinctions help preserve those answers while allowing target wording to differ across dialects and from the Persian arrangement.
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