Czech to Romanian: rebuild gender, case roles and joined verb forms
Romanian neuter agreement does not copy Czech neuter agreement
Czech grammatical gender belongs to the noun, and the gender of an inanimate object is not reliably predictable from its meaning. CzechEncy contrasts růže, rose, with moře, sea: their similar-looking endings do not place them in the same gender. Translation therefore requires the target noun’s grammatical behaviour as well as its meaning.
Romanian UD describes neuter nouns through masculine singular and feminine plural agreement. This is different from preserving a single Czech neuter agreement label across both numbers. A translation can refer to exactly the same objects while requiring a different pattern of agreeing forms after the number changes.
For a Czech inventory, establish the Romanian noun first and then build its singular or plural phrase. Neither the Czech noun’s ending nor the physical properties of the object can choose the target agreement reliably. What must remain constant is the count and referent, rather than the source gender label.
Recover case roles even where Romanian forms coincide
Czech case can visibly distinguish sentence relationships. Its numeral phrases make this especially clear: the Academy handbook contrasts pět mužů with pěti mužům, five men versus to five men. The quantity remains five while the second phrase identifies recipients rather than merely naming the counted group.
Romanian UD notes that nouns share nominative–accusative forms and genitive–dative forms; some pronouns make additional distinctions. A target noun form can consequently serve more than one role. The translator cannot assume that every contrast visible in the Czech ending will be represented by a different Romanian noun ending.
In a Czech sentence about sending information to five people, preserve which people receive it and which participant sends it. Replacing each Czech case ending with an imagined separate Romanian ending would not solve the sentence. The full target construction must express the relationships, including where a preposition or pronoun participates in doing so.
A hyphen can join grammatical words without erasing them
Romanian writing includes joined forms such as ne-am and v-ați. The UD documentation treats their grammatical components separately for analysis even though orthography connects them. A short hyphenated sequence should not be mistaken for a single indivisible lexical item with no internal person information.
Czech also distributes agreement across auxiliary and participial material. CzechEncy’s agreement discussion distinguishes person and number information on finite forms from gender and number expressed by participles. Counting written words is therefore a poor way to decide whether a Romanian translation has preserved every participant distinction in a Czech past-tense sentence.
When the Czech speaker is included in the reported action, the Romanian construction must retain that inclusion. When the source addresses someone else, it must retain that reference instead. Orthographic joining may shorten the visible sequence, but it should not collapse a contrast between we and you. Read the target components as a grammatical construction before judging its relationship to the source.
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