Welsh to traditional-script Mongolian: translate the relationship carried by yn
A Welsh description is not always a separate assertion
Canolfan Peniarth distinguishes Welsh yn before an adjective or noun from yn before a verb noun. The former triggers relevant soft mutation; the verbal construction does not. Its explanation also discusses an adverbial use with an adjective. These small source patterns can therefore connect quite different kinds of information.
Juha Janhunen’s Mongolian grammar describes adjectives used both as predicates and as modifiers before nouns. A Welsh sentence asserting a person’s condition and a noun phrase identifying a person through that condition need not have identical target structure. In a traditional-script Mongolian result, the relationship must remain appropriate to the whole sentence rather than be reconstructed by inserting a counterpart for every Welsh yn.
For an original Welsh description, compare stating that a visitor is well with identifying the visitor who has become well. The second singles out a person through a change of condition. Replacing it with an isolated assertion can leave the surrounding sentence without the participant it was meant to describe.
A condition and the manner of an action can diverge
Janhunen contrasts constructions involving becoming well with speaking well. His discussion uses a copular participle when an adjective needs a particular temporal or aspectual interpretation within a relative construction. A lexical action verb supplies a different relationship.
A Welsh writer might describe somebody speaking clearly, or describe somebody who became calm before speaking. Both can contain descriptive material, but only the latter makes a changed condition part of the person’s identifying history. A Mongolian translation should not turn the manner of speaking into a claim about recovery, or turn recovery into praise for how somebody spoke.
Welsh mutation after predicative or adverbial yn is useful evidence about the source construction; it does not identify a Mongolian tense, case ending, or adjective suffix. The same changed initial consonant can appear while the larger sentence establishes a different relationship. Recover that relationship first instead of treating a mutated Welsh adjective as if it already contained a target grammatical ending.
Traditional script is a writing choice, not a different event
Janhunen treats Mongolian across its two writing traditions and a range of spoken varieties. His grammar explicitly allows variation; a feature discussed for the language should not be promoted into a rigid rule for every regional construction merely because traditional script has been selected.
For an original Welsh account, distinguish a person who is currently well, a person who became well earlier, and a person who spoke well during an interview. Those are three different descriptions even when the same participant appears throughout. A traditional-script translation should preserve the relevant condition, change, or manner without inventing an additional event to imitate the Welsh sequence of words.
The useful comparison is between complete propositions and identifying phrases. Does Welsh assert the condition now, locate a change earlier, or describe an action’s manner? That answer explains the target construction more reliably than counting visible words or expecting the Welsh linker to occupy a matching position in Mongolian.
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