Welsh to Kyrgyz: to a person and to a place do not translate by preposition alone
Welsh at and i depend on the relationship
The official Welsh Foundation guide notes frequent use of at with people, contrasting sending or writing to a person with sending or writing to a place using i. It also lists prepositions selected by individual verbs, including dweud wrth, tell, and prynu i, buy for.
Kyrgyz Universal Dependencies describes dative case with both destinations and participants in relevant verbal constructions. Its examples include movement to Bishkek and giving a book to Ali. A Welsh-to-Kyrgyz translation should therefore identify the relationship before looking for one target word matching at or i. The fact that Welsh distinguishes the prepositions does not require the target to reproduce exactly the same distinction through separate words.
For an original delivery message, sending a parcel to a colleague and sending it to an office can describe a recipient and a destination respectively. They may coincide in the real situation, but they are not interchangeable roles. Preserve both if the Welsh states both rather than dropping one because the target uses related case marking.
A verb’s preposition is not always a literal spatial instruction
The Welsh guide explicitly warns that am does not always mean about and wrth does not always mean by. Its examples distinguish such constructions as waiting for someone from knowing about someone.
For an original Welsh update, telling a colleague something is different from reporting that something happened beside that colleague. The source preposition’s broad dictionary gloss cannot decide between these. Kyrgyz case documentation likewise explains that cases can be selected by particular verbs or postpositions, not only by their most familiar spatial meanings.
A target noun carrying a dative or another case should therefore be read with the predicate that licenses it. A Welsh sentence about waiting for a visitor must not acquire a journey toward that visitor merely because a target ending is also used in destination expressions elsewhere. The source event determines whether the relationship is communication, expectation, transfer, or movement.
The target noun form can package information Welsh expresses separately
The Kyrgyz documentation explains that case endings vary with vowel harmony. It illustrates both proper-name destinations and case-marked participant expressions. This morphological variation belongs to the target word and its grammatical environment.
An original Welsh instruction may replace one named recipient with another while keeping the delivery relationship unchanged. A different-looking Kyrgyz ending does not automatically imply that the recipient has become a departure point or a possessor. Conversely, copying an ending unchanged after substituting a noun is not justified merely because the Welsh preposition remains identical.
Recover the complete Welsh phrase, including any inflected preposition that already identifies its participant. Then interpret the Kyrgyz noun form together with the verb and any associated postposition. This preserves the practical distinction between where the item goes, who receives it, and who is merely being discussed. These relationships matter more than matching the number of separate prepositions visible in the two texts.
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