Welsh to Kazakh: owner reference, case roles and inflected numerals
Welsh possessive mutation is not Kazakh gender agreement
The official Welsh Foundation guide distinguishes ei as his from ei as her through the effect on the following word. It gives ei dad e and ei thad hi in the possessive table. These forms identify an owner relationship; they are not merely alternative spellings to normalize away.
Kazakh UD explicitly states that Kazakh has no grammatical gender. Its separate use of gender labels for personal names is an annotation decision, not evidence that Kazakh nouns and adjectives inflect like Welsh gender-marked phrases. A translation must not manufacture a target gender ending to imitate the Welsh mutation.
Instead, identify which person the Welsh phrase refers to and keep that reference recoverable through the target sentence. If two possible owners appear, the absence of a Welsh-style target mutation does not resolve the ambiguity. The complete wording still needs to preserve whose relative or belonging is being discussed.
Decode Welsh prepositions before selecting a target case construction
The same Welsh guide presents ata i for to me in correspondence examples and amdana i for about me in examples of knowing about somebody. The prepositional form carries person information together with the relationship. Translating only the final pronoun would lose part of the construction.
Kazakh’s documented case system includes dative, accusative, locative, ablative and instrumental as well as nominative and genitive. These are target grammatical resources, not a list of fixed replacements for Welsh prepositions. Identify the role licensed by the complete Welsh verb phrase before selecting the target construction.
This distinction matters when the Welsh source describes writing to someone rather than writing about them. Both involve the same person, but only the first makes that person the recipient. A target phrase preserving first-person reference while changing the relationship would still misrepresent the message.
A suffix attached to a numeral is not part of its value
Kazakh UD illustrates morphological suffixes attached by a hyphen to numerals, including 100-ге. The added material belongs to the numeral’s grammatical use. It does not mean that the target has changed the digits or appended another digit to the quantity.
A Welsh message can express grammatical relationships through separate words or through an inflected preposition. In Kazakh, some corresponding information may appear attached to a numerical expression. Word boundaries therefore cannot be used as a direct test of whether the translation preserved each Welsh element.
For a Welsh statement involving a count and a destination or recipient, keep the numerical value separate from the sentence relationship. Establish what the number counts and how the counted expression participates in the event. Then read the Kazakh suffix as part of that complete construction. Do not infer its meaning from the hyphen alone, and do not remove it merely because the Welsh source used an independent word in the corresponding position.
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