Welsh to Estonian: a location phrase can become a case-marked noun
Recover the Welsh place before comparing its spelling
Canolfan Peniarth teaches prepositional yn with nasal mutation and related forms such as ym and yng. Its example ym Mangor refers to Bangor: the initial change belongs to the Welsh construction, rather than identifying a different town.
A Welsh message giving someone’s workplace can consequently contain a place spelling that differs from the form expected in a dictionary. Before interpreting the Estonian translation, establish the underlying place and the relationship being asserted. A change introduced by Welsh mutation should not be preserved as though it were an independent part of the name, nor should a missing word-for-word equivalent of ym be taken as proof that the target has lost the location.
An Estonian ending can express what Welsh puts before the noun
Estonian Universal Dependencies illustrates maja, house, with majas, in the house, and majast, from the house. It also gives majasse for movement into the house. The noun’s form contributes the spatial relationship.
For an original Welsh enquiry, imagine someone asking whether a colleague is inside a building, has left it, or is entering it. The place can remain identical across all three situations while the target noun form changes. A translation that retains the building but chooses the wrong spatial relationship can send a visitor in the wrong direction. Compare whether the Welsh statement locates a person, identifies a source, or identifies an interior destination; the target ending is not simply a spelling variant to standardize away.
Inside and on a surface are not interchangeable
The Estonian case documentation distinguishes interior location from location at or on something and illustrates laual, on the table. A Welsh spatial phrase must be interpreted according to the relation intended, rather than through the broad English gloss in alone.
An original Welsh instruction about leaving an item at a building can concern a reception area, while an instruction about leaving it inside a container specifies containment. An Estonian local construction should express the relationship actually established in the message. If the source gives further detail about a surface or interior, that detail matters more than choosing a visually similar preposition. Do not introduce containment merely because a source place expression has been explained in English with an imprecise location gloss.
A location marker is not an assertion that travel occurred
The Welsh teaching material distinguishes yn with specific locations from mewn before indefinite nouns. This concerns how the location phrase is formed, not a claim that entering the location has already happened.
For an original Welsh statement that someone works in a hospital, the Estonian result should describe the workplace. It should not automatically become a report that the person traveled into a hospital. Likewise, identifying an interior destination does not establish arrival there. Keep the source verb’s event separate from the noun phrase’s spatial role. Estonian case marking may pack that role into the noun, but it does not supply an unmentioned journey, departure, or completed arrival on behalf of the Welsh writer.
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