Welsh to Amharic: following the listener through prepositions and verb endings
A Welsh preposition can already identify a person
Welsh Universal Dependencies illustrates gwrando arni, listening to her, and gwrando arni hi with an additional corresponding pronoun. The inflected preposition and the fuller expression can refer to the same person. They do not necessarily introduce two listeners or two people being listened to.
Amharic documentation distinguishes bound subject agreement from object pronouns attached to a verb. A Welsh-to-Amharic translation therefore needs to recover the participant relationship before deciding how many separate target expressions to expect. In a message about listening to one woman, the longer Welsh wording is not evidence that the Amharic sentence must contain two objects.
The person speaking and the person hearing must stay apart
Amharic Universal Dependencies gives ነገረኝ, he told me, and ነገርኩህ, I told you, as examples of object clitics. The compact target verb can identify both its subject and the person addressed through the reported telling.
For an original Welsh conversation, one participant may say that a colleague told them something, then explain what they told someone else. The translator must track that reversal even if Welsh places the relevant reference in a different construction. A target ending associated with the listener should not be read as the speaker simply because it occurs close to the verb. Determine who supplies the information and who receives it in each clause.
Welsh you does not answer every Amharic agreement question
The official South Wales Foundation guide uses ti for a singular addressee in its paradigms without selecting a different form for a man or woman. The Amharic documentation contrasts second-person singular masculine and feminine forms, including object clitics.
An original Welsh note saying I told you can therefore require a target distinction absent from that pronoun alone. If the surrounding exchange identifies the addressee, that information belongs to interpreting the target form. The distinction should not be inferred from the gender of a third person mentioned elsewhere in the message. For instance, telling someone about a sister does not make that someone female. Keep the addressee’s identity separate from the topic of what was said.
A passive Welsh statement does not make its subject the initiator
The Foundation guide teaches a cael construction for being born, combining the verb, a corresponding pronoun, and a suitably mutated verbnoun. Its he and she examples describe what happens to the subject rather than an action initiated by that person.
If a Welsh family account introduces someone through such a passive expression and then reports that person speaking, the two clauses assign different event roles to the same individual. An Amharic rendering must preserve that shift rather than mechanically treating every nearby pronoun as the actor of every verb. Likewise, mutation in the Welsh verbnoun is grammatical information, not a different personal name to transliterate. Recover the passive relationship first, then follow the subject into the later speaking event; this preserves both the biographical statement and the direction of the reported communication.
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