German to Romanian: identify what an auxiliary contributes
Werden has more than one job in the German sentence
German werden can express becoming, help form a future, or help form a passive. Romanian does not preserve all those functions through one corresponding verb. The Romanian Universal Dependencies description distinguishes a future using forms of vrea with an infinitive from a passive using fi with a participle. Before translating, identify the complete German verb construction rather than assigning werden one permanent target equivalent.
Consider the original contrast Es wird regnen and Es wird repariert. The first predicts rain; the second presents something as being repaired. Their shared wird does not give them the same grammatical meaning. Translating the second with a future merely because wird also occurs in future expressions would relocate the repair in time. The German participle or infinitive following the auxiliary is essential evidence about what the clause actually says.
Haben and sein do not always describe possession and identity
German uses both haben and sein in perfect constructions. The German UD account illustrates sein with a motion verb and haben with an eating verb. Romanian’s description gives avea plus a participle for its compound past. Thus the German auxiliary choice should not be read as a separate claim that the subject owns something or occupies a particular state.
An original message such as Ich bin angekommen reports an arrival. Its Romanian equivalent needs to report that arrival, not translate bin as an isolated identity statement. Conversely, a German sentence using sein as a genuine copula needs to retain the state or identity being asserted. In a travel update, distinguish a completed arrival from a current location: these may be closely related in reality, but they are different claims. The target auxiliary and tense must follow the claim, not the German surface verb alone.
Keep the time of a passive separate from its voice
The Romanian source notes that passive fi can itself appear in compound constructions. Passive voice and future or past time are consequently not alternatives from which only one can be chosen. A German announcement that something will be repaired combines a future interpretation with a passive event. The Romanian rendering must express both if both are intended; choosing a recognizable passive while dropping the promised future time is incomplete.
This matters when German service notices move between an existing condition, work in progress and planned work. A notice saying that a machine is broken, one saying that it is being repaired, and one promising a repair tomorrow give users different information about availability. The German auxiliary pattern helps distinguish these messages, but the Romanian sentence may distribute the same information across different forms. Reconstruct the event first: its time, whether the affected item is foregrounded, and whether an agent is stated. Only then compare the target construction with the source.
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