Dogri to Urdu: related constructions still need different forms
Possessive agreement is familiar, but the actual forms change
Dogri genitive da agrees with the head noun, according to Sawhney’s morphological description. Urdu has a comparable agreement principle in کا، کی، کے, but the resemblance does not make the words interchangeable. Rajiv Ranjan’s Basic Urdu illustrates لڑکے کا بھائی, the boy’s brother, and لڑکے کے کپڑے, the boy’s clothes. The choice reflects the possessed expression rather than the owner’s sex.
The Urdu examples also contain لڑکے, an oblique singular form of boy in this construction. It should not automatically be interpreted as multiple boys. Dogri also distinguishes direct and oblique forms, so the useful comparison is between grammatical functions rather than matching a final vowel across languages. A Dogri ownership phrase can retain its owner and possession while requiring changes on both sides of the Urdu genitive marker.
Do not transfer the sound of a respectful pronoun
Sawhney gives Dogri tu for familiar address and tuss for plural or respectful address, including a respected individual. The meaningful information is the relationship to the addressee and whether one or several people are meant. A similar-looking or similar-sounding Urdu form is not sufficient evidence that this relationship has been preserved.
Basic Urdu pairs آپ with ہیں and تم with ہو in its introductory pronoun patterns. A Dogri respectful singular should therefore be interpreted as respectful singular before selecting the target pattern, rather than converted into an assertion about several people. Equally, a familiar source exchange should not be made ceremonious merely because the scripts look very different. The target pronoun and its verb form must express a coherent choice together.
A movement word can be part of a grammatical construction
Dogri’s common subject–object–verb arrangement gives readers a useful starting point for reading Urdu, whose basic order is also verb-final. Nevertheless, an Urdu sequence can contain more than one verb-shaped element. The Urdu Universal Dependencies description identifies جا, go, as an auxiliary in passives when combined with a perfective participle. It separately recognizes its use as an ordinary verb. The written element alone cannot decide whether the message describes travel.
For a Dogri sentence about something being done, consider whether the target uses that passive construction before interpreting an additional Urdu go as an invented journey. The same grammatical description associates رہ with progressive constructions containing a main-verb stem and a form of be. A surface gloss of stay would miss its role there. These are specific reasons that a structurally related translation may contain material without an independent movement or residence meaning. Preserve the event and its participants while reading the complete target verb group, rather than assigning a separate action to each familiar lexical root.
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