Dogri to Turkish: attached relationships and separate question particles
An accompaniment expression may become an attached form
Dogri kanne follows its complement to express with, according to Sawhney’s description. Turkish ile can also follow a word, but it has an attached form whose vowel changes with the host. The Turkish Language Association illustrates çiçek ile becoming çiçekle and kuş ile becoming kuşla. A Dogri accompaniment or means expression can consequently correspond to one Turkish word rather than a noun followed by a separately written relationship word.
The change between -le and -la does not identify a different companion or grammatical gender. It follows Turkish sound-pattern rules. Dogri genitive da changes for agreement with its head, but that source alternation cannot select the Turkish attached vowel. Interpret the source relationship first, then use the conventional Turkish construction. Fewer spaces do not by themselves show that the translation has omitted with.
A changing vowel does not always mean the element should be attached
Turkish question mı, mi, mu and mü is written separately from the preceding word even though its vowel follows harmony. The Association’s rule therefore contrasts with the attached option for ile. A Dogri reader should not join every short Turkish element to its neighbour simply because its form depends on the neighbouring word. Morphological interaction and spelling as one word are different matters.
The Association also illustrates Vaz mı geçtin?, where the question element occurs within a compound-verb expression. A Dogri yes-or-no enquiry can therefore place question material somewhere other than an assumed final slot. Its presence must be read with the complete predicate. The rule notes uses beyond ordinary questions as well, so the mere occurrence of mi is not sufficient evidence that a source statement has become a question.
One Turkish word can preserve a complex Dogri condition
The Turkish Universal Dependencies documentation illustrates gelemeselerdi as a form combining a condition with inability to come. A Dogri source explaining that an arrangement depends on whether people can attend therefore needs both meanings preserved. Translating only come, or only the negative meaning, would lose the conditional relationship or the distinction between inability and simple nonattendance.
Dogri nouns, adjectives and pronouns provide agreement and case clues that help identify the relevant people. In a condition concerning several invitees, recover that group from the source before interpreting the compact target predicate. The Turkish form contains several grammatical contributions within one word, rather than one translated item for every separate source expression. The UD page discusses annotation difficulties with overlapping modalities; its example supports this structural point without proving that every similarly shaped Turkish word has the same conditional reading.
Language references