Bhojpuri to Tibetan: a future statement can also identify the speaker’s intention
A Bhojpuri future ending does not choose one Tibetan auxiliary
Bhojpuri has future constructions with suffixal material including -ब, alongside other forms documented by Thakur. Those forms carry temporal and participant information within the Bhojpuri verbal system. Spoken Tibetan makes an additional distinction between a future presented as an assertion and one expressing the speaker’s own intention. A dictionary equivalence for “will” does not settle that choice.
Tournadre’s Tibetan reference material contrasts future གི་རེད་ with intentional egophoric གི་ཡིན་. The latter is restricted to volitional verbs in first-person statements in the construction described. Thus a Bhojpuri future about what the speaker plans to do is not structurally equivalent to a prediction about what another person will do, even if both source clauses use familiar future morphology.
The dumpling example separates two kinds of commitment
The Tibetan example སང་ཉིན་མོག་མོག་བཟོ་གི་ཡིན། says that the speaker will make momos tomorrow. The parallel form with གི་རེད་ is presented as a future assertion about another person making them. The difference lies at the end of the predicate, not in the word for tomorrow or the food.
Bhojpuri हम can identify a singular speaker in Thakur’s variety. Recognizing that reference is necessary before an intentional first-person Tibetan construction can be considered. Reading हम as an automatic plural would affect both who makes the food and the intended scope of the commitment. The Tibetan auxiliary then needs the event to be under the relevant person’s volitional control, rather than merely occur at a future date.
An assertion need not be an eyewitness report
Tournadre distinguishes the assertive mood from testimonial or egophoric presentation. An assertive can report a definite fact, general knowledge, or a historical event without presenting the speaker as its direct witness. It does not simply mean the speaker is unsure. The same assertive family occurs with past, present, and future constructions.
For a Bhojpuri narrative, this means that the future-versus-past decision and the basis-of-knowledge decision are separate. A passage can confidently state something learned from elsewhere. Translating it with a form that claims direct personal evidence would change the speaker’s relationship to the information, even if its time reference remained correct.
Conversely, an assertive should not automatically trigger an added Bhojpuri-style expression meaning “perhaps” in an explanatory gloss. Its function in the Tibetan system is not equivalent to weakening every proposition. The target construction can preserve certainty while selecting a particular evidential presentation.
A question changes whose knowledge or intention is relevant
The Tibetan future description also distinguishes statements from interrogative forms. The intentional pattern does not remain an unchanged first-person formula when asking someone else a question. Its form varies according to the interrogative construction, including whether a question word is present.
Bhojpuri honorific distinctions identify how a person is addressed, while Tibetan auxiliary selection can additionally depend on the kind of knowledge or intention being solicited. Those are different dimensions. A respectful question about tomorrow’s plan needs to preserve the addressee and the intended act without converting it into the writer’s personal intention or an eyewitness assertion.
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